PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a durable, versatile plastic commonly used for plumbing, drainage, and construction applications. From cold water pipes to sewer drains, PVC’s resistance to chemicals and corrosion makes it an ideal material for anything that carries water.
But like any material, working with PVC pipe requires some specialized tools and techniques. In particular, care needs to be taken when cutting PVC to avoid rough, splintered edges that can lead to leaks, cracks, and weak points.
When to Use a PVC Pipe Cutter
For clean, precise cuts in smaller diameter PVC pipes, a pipe cutter is the perfect tool for the job. Unlike hacksaws that tear through the plastic or power tools that can warp or melt PVC, a pipe cutter’s sharp rotating blade slices through the pipe quickly and cleanly.
Pipe cutters are ideal for PVC pipes 1 inch or less in diameter. The compact size and scissor-like design make them easy to maneuver into tight spaces. And because pipe cutters are hand-powered, you have total control over the speed and direction of the cut.
Advantages of Using a Pipe Cutter
- Makes smooth, straight cuts in PVC pipe
- Prevents splintering and rough edges
- Simple to use with no power required
- Lightweight and portable for working in tight areas
- Cuts plastic piping cleanly without extra tools
Disadvantages of Using a Pipe Cutter
- Hand strain from continuous squeezing
- Not suitable for cutting larger diameter plastic pipes
- Multiple rotations required to cut all the way through
How Pipe Cutters Work
While designs vary slightly, most PVC pipe cutters work on a similar scissor-like principle. Here are the key components and mechanics:
- A sharp, circular blade designed for cutting plastic
- V-shaped jaws that hold the pipe in place
- A handle that clamps down the blade when squeezed
- Ball bearings that allow the blade to rotate around the pipe
To make a cut, you first secure the pipe in the cutter’s v-shaped jaws near the desired cut point. Squeeze the handle to apply pressure down on the blade, clamping it against the pipe. As you rotate the tool around the pipe, the sharp blade scores the plastic. With each complete rotation, the blade cuts incrementally deeper through the wall of the pipe. Continue rotating until the blade fully penetrates and separates the pipe into two pieces. The whole process results in a straight, clean cut.
Step-by-Step Guide to Cutting PVC Pipe
Follow these simple steps for flawless PVC pipe cutting every time:
- Select the right pipe cutter – Choose a cutter designed for the diameter of plastic pipe you are working with. Using one too small can damage the cutter or pipe.
- Mark cut line – Use a pencil to draw a line around the full circumference where you want to cut the PVC pipe.
- Secure in cutter – Place the pipe in the cutter’s v-shaped jaws just ahead of the marked line. Center it to ensure an even cut.
- Clamp blade – Squeeze the cutter handle to apply downward pressure on the blade against the pipe.
- Rotate and cut – Rotate the cutter in short strokes around the pipe, applying even pressure. The blade will gradually cut deeper with each pass.
- Repeat – Continue rotating the cutter until the blade fully penetrates the pipe. For larger diameters, you may need to periodically tighten the blade.
- Remove cut pipe – Release the cutter handle and remove the pipe sections. Inspect for straightness and smoothness.
It’s important to take your time and not rush the cutting process. Apply consistent pressure as you rotate, keeping the cutter steady. Twisting or wobbling can result in an uneven cut.
Tips for Straight Cuts
- Use a miter box guide for longer straight cuts
- Mark cutting lines all the way around the circumference
- Secure pipe to prevent slipping or movement
- Apply even pressure and keep cutter steady
Finishing the Cut Edges
While a sharp pipe cutter produces smooth PVC pipe edges, it’s important to properly finish them to ensure leak-proof joints. Any small burrs or roughness can prevent proper bonding or create weak points prone to cracking.
Here are two easy ways to finish cut PVC edges:
Deburring with a Utility Knife
Use a sharp utility knife to carefully shave and trim any burrs or raised edges along the cut. Gently rotate the pipe as you slice off any bumps or ridges around the circumference.
Sanding
For smoothing and finishing, wrap medium grit sandpaper around a section of pipe and rotate it against the cut ends. Be careful not to sand too aggressively or you can damage the pipe end. Wipe away plastic dust when complete.
Proper deburring removes any small imperfections left from cutting and ensures the edges have a smooth, uniform surface. This allows watertight bonding with fittings and prevents cracks from forming at the cut joint.
Safety Tips for PVC Pipe Cutting
Working with sharp blades requires caution:
- Wear gloves to protect hands and improve grip
- Secure pipe to prevent shifting that can cause slips
- Keep fingers safely away from the blade
- Store safely when not in use to prevent accidents
- Inspect cutters for damage before each use
- Avoid forcing the blade when cutting
Pros and Cons of PVC Pipe Cutters
Like any tool, pipe cutters have both advantages and disadvantages:
Pros:
- Provide straight, clean cuts in plastic piping
- Are simple to use with no power required
- Compact size fits into tight spaces
- Lower cost than power cutting tools
Cons:
- Require repetitive force which can cause hand strain
- Only suited for smaller diameter PVC pipes
- Multiple rotations needed to cut all the way through
- Not effective for very thick-walled pipe
Comparing PVC Pipe Cutting Methods
While pipe cutters are ideal for smaller jobs, there are other options for cutting larger diameter or thicker-walled PVC: Power Miter Saws
For larger pipe diameters over 1 inch, a power miter saw with a fine-toothed PVC blade makes quick work of cuts. The power saw slices cleanly through the plastic. Care should be taken to avoid overheating the PVC which can lead to melting.
Hacksaws
A hacksaw blade can cut through PVC pipe with some patience and elbow grease. This manual sawing method works for larger pipes but is slower, more physical, and often leaves rough cut edges.
Specialty Blades and Cutters
There are carbide and diamond-grit blades made specifically for cutting plastic piping. Additionally, power tools like oscillating tools can be fitted with PVC cutting blades for smooth cuts.
Cutting PVC pipe is easy with the right tools. For clean, splinter-free cuts in small to medium diameter PVC, a pipe cutter is the simplest solution.
The scissor-like design and sharp rotating blade of a pipe cutter mean no messy shavings or ragged edges. With the ability to control the speed and direction of cutting, it’s easy to get straight cuts every time.
By following some simple guidelines, a quality PVC pipe cutter will deliver burr-free, leak-proof pipes. For anyone working with small diameter PVC on plumbing or irrigation projects, a pipe cutter is an essential addition to your toolbox.
